Manual pump for intravenous fluids

ABSTRACT

A manually operable pump includes a fluid line operatively connected to a fluid source, and a manually operable actuator. A facilitator is used to facilitate flow of fluid from the fluid source through the fluid line. The facilitator is operably connected to the manually operable actuator. A piezoelectric system is operably connected to the manually operable actuator, and configured to capture energy from manual actuation of the manually operable actuator and regulate the speed of the facilitator.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/748,700 filed on Mar. 29, 2010, which claims the benefit ofpriority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/164,763, filed on Mar.30, 2009. Both applications are hereby incorporated in their entirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present application relates to devices for infusing intravenousfluids. More particularly, the present application relates to a manualpump for infusing intravenous fluids into a subject.

BACKGROUND

In the medical and veterinary setting, the need may arise to rapidlyinfuse intravenous fluid into a subject. Saline and lactated ringers areexamples of commonly used intravenous fluids. Such fluids may be used tomaintain or elevate blood pressure and promote adequate perfusion. Inthe shock-trauma setting or in septic shock, fluid resuscitation isoften first-line therapy to maintain or improve blood pressure.

Currently, a first responder, such as emergency medical technicians ormilitary field medics, are known to administer intravenous fluids with agravity drip, having a fluid bag, a fluid line, and an needle orintravenous catheter. When the needle or intravenous catheter isinserted into a subject, gravity causes the fluid to flow from the fluidbag, through the fluid line and needle, and into the subject. Toincrease the speed at which intravenous fluids are infused into thesubject, the technician may apply pressure on the bag. Pressure may beapplied by hand, by employing a blood pressure cuff, or other externalpneumatic pressure device on the fluid bag itself.

Additionally, intraosseous (I.O.) lines have gained wider use inpediatric subjects, as well as adult subjects. Intraosseous infusion isa process of injection directly into the marrow of a subject's bone.Intraosseous lines often have a relatively slow rate of infusion.

There also exist several types of electronic pumps that infuseintravenous fluids. Such electronic pumps are often very costly andcomplex, and may require special training to operate. Further, suchpumps may be delicate and not suited for field use. A first respondercompany will require several of these, adding to cost. Lastly,electronic pumps require a power source, such as a battery or wallsocket, and may not necessarily be friendly to the environment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, a manual intravenous pump includes a first housinghaving at least one roller disposed therein. The at least one roller isconfigured to engage a fluid line to facilitate flow of a fluidtherethrough. The manual intravenous pump further includes a secondhousing having a manually operable actuator and a piezoelectric systemoperably connected to the manually operable actuator and operablyconnected to the at least one roller. The piezoelectric system capturesenergy supplied by manual actuation of the manually operable actuator.The piezoelectric system employs the captured energy to regulate a speedat which the at least one roller rotates.

In another embodiment, a manually operable pump includes a fluid lineoperatively connected to a fluid source, and a manually operableactuator. A facilitator is used to facilitate flow of fluid from thefluid source through the fluid line. The facilitator is operablyconnected to the manually operable actuator. A piezoelectric system isoperably connected to the manually operable actuator, and configured tocapture energy from manual actuation of the manually operable actuatorand regulate the speed of the facilitator.

In yet another embodiment, an intravenous fluid pumping kit includes afluid bag, a fluid line, and a pump. The pump includes a housing, and atleast one roller configured to engage the fluid line, wherein rotationof the at least one roller facilitates a flow of fluid through the fluidline. The pump further includes a manually operable actuator operablyconnected to the at least one roller, such that manual actuation of themanual operable actuator causes the at least one roller to rotate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying drawings, structures are illustrated that, togetherwith the detailed description provided below, describe exemplaryembodiments of the claimed invention.

In the drawings and description that follows, like elements areidentified with the same reference numerals. It should be understoodthat elements shown as a single component may be replaced with multiplecomponents, and elements shown as multiple components may be replacedwith a single component. The drawings are not to scale and theproportion of certain elements may be exaggerated for the purpose ofillustration.

FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a manual intravenous pump incombination with a fluid bag and a fluid line;

FIG. 2 is a top view of one embodiment of a manual intravenous pumphaving a crank;

FIG. 3 is a top cutaway view of one embodiment of a manual intravenouspump having a crank and rotary chambers;

FIG. 4 is a top cutaway view of an alternative embodiment of a manualintravenous pump having a crank and a bulb;

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of amanual intravenous pump having an actuator housing and a reservoirhousing;

FIGS. 6A and 6B are cross-sections of one embodiment of a reservoirhousing having a pair of asymmetric diaphragm pumps;

FIGS. 7A and 7B are cross-sections of one embodiment of a reservoirhousing having a pair of symmetric diaphragm pumps;

FIG. 8 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of a manualintravenous pump having a trigger;

FIG. 9 is a side cutaway view of an alternative embodiment of a manualintravenous pump having a trigger and a bulb;

FIG. 10 is a side cutaway view of another alternative embodiment of amanual intravenous pump having a trigger and a piston;

FIG. 11 is a side cutaway view of another alternative embodiment of amanual intravenous pump having a trigger and rotary chambers;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an exemplary twin spring motor for usein a manual intravenous pump having a trigger;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an exemplary sextupled spring motor foruse in a manual intravenous pump having a trigger;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of amanual intravenous pump having at least one pivoting handle;

FIG. 15 is a side view of the manual intravenous pump having at leastone pivoting handle;

FIG. 16 is an exploded perspective view of an actuator housing of themanual intravenous pump having at least one pivoting handle;

FIG. 17 is a cross section of the actuator housing of the manualintravenous pump having at least one pivoting handle;

FIG. 18 is a cross section of a reservoir housing for a manualintravenous pump;

FIG. 19 is a cut away view of an alternative embodiment of a pump foruse in a manual intravenous pump;

FIG. 20 is a cross section of a fluid line housing for a manualintravenous pump;

FIG. 21 is an alternative embodiment of a fluid line housing for amanual intravenous pump; and

FIG. 22 is a schematic drawing of an alternative embodiment of a manualintravenous pump having a piezoelectric system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Multiple embodiment of intravenous pumps are shown and described herein.It should be understood that the disclosed pumps may be employed to pumpany known intravenous fluids, including, without limitation, saline,lactated ringers, colloid solution, platelets, and blood. Further, theuse of the disclosed pumps is not limited to the intravenous applicationof fluids. It should be understood that the pumps may be used, forexample, for wound irrigation or other cleaning or sterilizationpurposes. For such uses, the pumps may be used with water, alcohol, orother sterilants.

FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a manual intravenous pump 100 incombination with a fluid bag B and a fluid line L. In the illustratedembodiment, the fluid line L includes a first line L₁ and a second lineL₂. The first fluid line L₁ is connected to an output of the fluid bag Band an input 110 of the manual intravenous pump 100. The first fluidline L leads to an internal fluid reservoir (not shown) in the manualintravenous pump 100. The manual intravenous pump 100 further includesone or more mechanisms (not shown) to facilitate the flow of fluidthrough the internal fluid reservoir. In one embodiment, the input 110of the manual intravenous pump 100 is a one-way valve. In alternativeembodiments, the input may be a 2-way valve, or an adjustable,bi-directional valve.

The second fluid line L₂ is connected to an output 120 of the manualintravenous pump 100 and leads to a subject, usually by a needle orintravenous catheter. Alternatively, the manual intravenous pump 100 mayemploy central line catheters and interosseous lines. In one embodiment,the output 120 is also a one-way valve. One-way valves allows the fluidonly to flow from the fluid bag B, to the subject, and not in a reversedirection. In alternative embodiments, however, the output may be a2-way valve, or an adjustable, bi-directional valve.

The manual intravenous pump 100 may be used in-line (i.e., in series) asdescribed above. Alternatively, the manual intravenous pump 100 may alsobe used in a bypass-type configuration (i.e., in parallel) to allow agravity drip to continue.

The manual intravenous pump 100 further includes a manually operableactuator (not shown), configured to force fluid from the input 110 ofthe manual intravenous pump 100 to the output 120. Various types ofmanually operable actuators may be employed. Exemplary manual operableactuators are discussed below. These examples are not intended to belimiting.

FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of one embodiment of a manual intravenouspump 200 having an input 210, an output 220, and a body 230. In thisembodiment, the manually operable actuator is a crank 240. This type ofmanual intravenous pump may be referred to as a “crank design,” “crankpump,” or “hand crank.” The crank 240 includes a lever arm 250 rotatablyconnected to the body 230 of the manual intravenous pump 200. In theillustrated embodiment, the crank 240 further includes a handle 260connected to the lever arm 250. The handle 260 may be rotatably orfixedly connected to the lever arm 250. In one embodiment, the crank 240is a single, unitary piece including a lever arm portion and handleportion.

In the illustrated embodiment, the manual intravenous pump 200 furtherincludes a pair of handles 270. The handles 270 may be solid orflexible. The handles may be ergonomically shaped for the comfort of theuser. Further, the handles may be located in an ergonomic position forthe comfort of the user. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), themanual intravenous pump includes three or more handles. In anotheralternative embodiment (not shown), the manual intravenous pump includesa single handle. In yet another alternative embodiment (not shown), themanual intravenous pump does not include any handles, and could havecontours that are designed for ergonomic handling.

With continued reference to FIG. 2, the body 230 of the manualintravenous pump 200 has an approximately cubic shape, with roundededges. However, it should be understood that this shape is merelyexemplary, and any shape may be employed. In one embodiment, the bodymay have an ergonomic shape.

Although FIG. 2 is described as a top view, it should be understood thatthe crank 260 and optional handles 270 may be located on any surface ofthe manual intravenous pump 200, such as a side or bottom surface.Further, in one embodiment, the manual intravenous pump 200 is designedto be positioned in multiple orientations, so that the operator mayposition the device in a comfortable orientation for operation.

The manual intravenous pump 200 may be constructed of various materials.Exemplary materials include polymeric materials and metal materials.Exemplary metal materials include, without limitation, steel, nickelaluminum, copper, iron, and other metals and alloys. Exemplary polymericmaterials include, without limitation, EPDM Rubber, latex,polypropylene, polyethylene, and blends of the same. In one embodiment,where the manual intravenous pump is configured for field use (i.e., inan ambulance, or at an accident site), the device may be constructed ofmaterials that are lightweight and durable. Of course, such materialsmay also be suitable for a device configured for clinical use. In oneembodiment, the casing 230, the crank 240, and the handles 270 are allconstructed of substantially the same material. In an alternativeembodiment, one or more of these components are constructed of differentmaterials.

FIG. 3 is a top cutaway view of one embodiment of a manual intravenouspump 300. The illustrated embodiment is one example of the internalcomponents of the crank design of a manual intravenous pump 200 shown inFIG. 2.

In the illustrated embodiment, the crank 240 is connected to a rod 310having a plurality of partitions 320 extending therefrom. The rod 310and partitions 320 are positioned inside a cylinder 330 that defines aninternal fluid reservoir of the manual intravenous pump 300. Thecylinder 330 has a first opening 340 in fluid communication with theinput 210 of the manual intravenous pump 300 and a second opening 350 influid communication with the output 220 of the manual intravenous pump300. The rod 310 and partitions 320 form a plurality of rotary chambers360 in the cylinder 330. In the illustrated embodiment, the rod 310includes three partitions 320 extending therefrom, which form threerotary chambers 360 in the cylinder 330. However, it should beunderstood that any number of partitions may be employed, including asingle partition.

In addition to the components shown, various gear configurations may beemployed to create a mechanical advantage and/or cause the rod 310 andpartitions 320 to rotate at a rate different from the rate at which thecrank 240 is turned.

Various materials may be used to construct the rod 310, partitions 320,and cylinder 330. Exemplary materials include polymeric materials andmetal materials. In one embodiment, the rod 310, partitions 320, andcylinder 330 are constructed of polymeric materials that resistcorrosion after prolonged exposure to saline solutions and othercommonly used intravenous fluids. In one embodiment, the rod 310,partitions 320, and cylinder 330 are all constructed of substantiallythe same material. In an alternative embodiment, one or more of thesecomponents are constructed of different materials.

With continued reference to FIG. 3, the partitions 320 extend from therod 310 to an inner surface of the cylinder 330. In one embodiment, atleast the ends of the partitions are constructed of rubber, or anotherpliable, non-porous material, to form a seal. It should be understood,however, that various other materials may be employed. In an alternativeembodiment, the partitions 320 do not extend to the inner surface of thecylinder 330.

In operation, the input 210 of the manual intravenous pump 300 isconnected to a first fluid line leading to a fluid bag, and the output220 is connected to a fluid line leading to a subject. In oneembodiment, both the input 210 and the output 220 are one-way valves. Inone embodiment, when a fluid line is connected to the input 210, fluidimmediately begins to flow from the fluid bag, through the fluid lineand input 210, and into the first of the plurality of chambers 360. Inan alternative embodiment, fluid will not begin to flow until the input210 is opened (e.g., by turning or pressing a valve).

Once the fluid lines have been connected to the fluid bag, the manualintravenous pump 300, and the subject, and the fluid has begun to flow,an operator may turn the crank 240 of the manual intravenous pump 300.As the crank 240 is turned, the partitions 320 rotate at a correspondingspeed and force the fluid from the first opening 340 of the cylinder 330towards the second opening 350. In the illustrated embodiment, the crank240 may be turned in either a clockwise or a counter-clockwisedirection. Turning the crank 240 at a faster rate may increase the rateat which fluid flows through the output 350 and to a subject, whileturning the crank 240 at a slower rate may decrease the rate at whichfluid flows through the output 220 and to a subject. The operator maycontrol the speed at which the crank 220 is turned, according toperceived need.

FIG. 4 is a top cutaway view of an alternative embodiment of a manualintravenous pump 400. The illustrated embodiment is another example ofthe internal components of the crank design of a manual intravenous pump200 shown in FIG. 2.

In the illustrated embodiment, the crank 240 is connected to a disc 410having a plurality of spaced apart, projections 420 extending therefrom.The disc 410 may be substantially circular or eccentric. The manualintravenous pump 400 further includes an internal fluid line 430 havinga bulb 440 that defines an internal fluid reservoir of the manualintravenous pump 400. The internal fluid line 430 is in fluidcommunication with both the input 210 and the output 220 of the manualintravenous pump 400. The disc 410 and projections 420 are positionedadjacent the bulb 440, such that the projections 420 contact and deformthe bulb 440 when the disc 410 is rotated. In the illustratedembodiment, the disc 410 includes three projections 420 extendingtherefrom. However, it should be understood that any number ofprojections may be employed, including a single projection.

In the illustrated embodiment, the bulb 440 abuts a platform tofacilitate compression upon contact with a projection 420. In analternative embodiment (not shown), the bulb 440 may abut a wall of themanual pump 400. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), the bulbdoes not abut any surfaces.

In addition to the components shown, various gear configurations may beemployed to create a mechanical advantage and/or cause the disc 410 andprojections 420 to rotate at a rate different from the rate at which thecrank 240 is turned.

With continued reference to FIG. 4, the bulb 440 is constructed ofrubber, or another pliable, non-porous material. It should beunderstood, however, that various other materials may be employed.Further, various materials may be used to construct the disc 410 andprojections 420. Exemplary materials include polymeric materials andmetal materials. In one embodiment, the disc 410 and projections 420 areconstructed of substantially the same material. For example, the disc410 and projections 420 may be one unitary member. In an alternativeembodiment, the disc 410 and projections 420 are constructed ofdifferent materials.

In operation, the input 210 of the manual intravenous pump 400 isconnected to a first fluid line leading to a fluid bag, and the output220 is connected to a fluid line leading to a subject. In oneembodiment, both the input 210 and the output 220 are one-way valves. Inone embodiment, when a fluid line is connected to the input 210, fluidimmediately begins to flow from the fluid bag, through the fluid lineand input 210, and into the internal fluid line 430. In an alternativeembodiment, fluid will not begin to flow until the input 210 is opened(e.g., by turning or pressing a valve).

In the illustrated embodiment, once the fluid lines have been connectedto the fluid bag, the manual intravenous pump 400, and the subject, andthe fluid has begun to flow, an operator may turn the crank 240 of themanual intravenous pump 400 in a counterclockwise direction. As thecrank 240 is turned in a counter-clockwise direction, the disc 410 andprojections 420 rotate at a corresponding speed and act as a cam on thebulb 440, compressing the bulb 440 and forcing the fluid towards theoutput 220. Because the projections 420 are spaced apart, spacing allowsthe bulb 440 to inflate with fluid by negative pressure before the nextprojection 420 compresses the bulb 440.

It should be understood that, although in the illustrated embodiment acounter-clockwise rotation of the crank 240 is required to force fluidtowards the output 220, the components may be re-oriented to requireclockwise rotation. In either embodiment, rotation of the crank in afirst direction will force fluid to move in a first direction, whilerotation of the crank in the opposite direction will force fluid to movein an opposite direction. To prevent the crank from being rotated in anundesired direction, a ratchet and pawl (not shown) or other knowstopping mechanism may be employed.

It should be understood that turning the crank 240 at a faster rate mayincrease the rate at which fluid flows through the output 220 and to asubject, while turning the crank 240 at a slower rate may decrease therate at which fluid flows through the output 220 and to a subject. Theoperator may control the speed at which the crank 240 is turned,according to perceived need.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded perspective view of an alternativeembodiment of a manual intravenous pump 500 having an actuator housing505 and at least one reservoir housing 510. The actuator housing 505includes a manually operable member in the form of a crank 515 having alever arm 520 and a handle 525. The handle 525 may be fixedly orrotatably connected to the lever arm 520. In an alternative embodiment(not shown), other known manually operable members may be employed inplace of a crank.

In the illustrated embodiment, the lever arm 520 is operativelyconnected to a shaft 530 that turns a series of gears 535 mounted on abase 540. While two gears are shown in the illustrated embodiment, itshould be understood that three or more gears may be employed.Alternatively, gears may be omitted.

The series of gears 535 rotates a disc 545 having a plunger 550pivotally attached thereto. The plunger is one example of a facilitatingmember configured to facilitate a flow of fluid through a reservoir. Theplunger 550 is configured to operatively connect to a pump (not shown)in the reservoir housing 510. The actuator housing 505 may furtherinclude a second disc and plunger (not shown) mounted on the oppositeside of the base 540 and configured to operatively connect to a secondpump (not shown) in the reservoir housing 510.

In the illustrated embodiment, the gears 535 have a fixed gear ratio. Inan alternative embodiment (not shown), a gear shift mechanism may beemployed to vary the gear ratio. In such an embodiment, an operator maychoose to shift gears to increase or decrease the flow of fluid.

The reservoir housing 510 may be configured to be removably attached tothe actuator housing 505. In such an embodiment, the reservoir housing510 may be removed and replaced with a replacement reservoir housing(not shown). For example, the reservoir housing 510 may be replacedafter each use for sterility or safety reasons, or to comply with FDAstandards, hospital standards, or other standards. In such anembodiment, the reservoir housing 510 may be kept in sterile packagingprior to use. Additionally, the reservoir housing 510 may be filled withfluid prior to packaging, such that no priming is required when a newreservoir housing 510 is attached to the actuator housing 505. In analternative embodiment (not shown), the reservoir housing may bepermanently attached to the actuator housing.

In the illustrated embodiment, the reservoir housing 510 includes a setof rails 555 on opposing sides, configured to slidably receive prongs560 of the base 540 of the actuator housing 505. The prongs 560 and thesides of the reservoir housing 510 have corresponding apertures 565configured to receive fasteners 570. In the illustrated embodiment, thefasteners 570 are shown as screws. However, it should be understood thatany fasteners may be employed. Exemplary fasteners include bolts, pins,ties, and other known fasteners. In an alternative embodiment (notshown), the apertures and fasteners may be omitted. Instead, thereservoir housing 510 may be attached to the actuator housing 505 by apress fit, a snap fit, clamps, or other attachment means.

The actuator housing 510 includes two input lines (not shown) and twooutput lines 575. The two input lines may be connected to a single inputline (not shown) by a y-connector (not shown). Similarly, the two outputlines 575 may be connected to a single output line (not shown) by ay-connector (not shown).

The internal components of two exemplary embodiments of reservoirhousings 510 are shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B.

FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate cross-sections of one embodiment of areservoir housing 600. The reservoir housing 600 includes two fluidreservoirs defined by a first asymmetric diaphragm pump 610 a and asecond asymmetric diaphragm pump 610 b. The first and second asymmetricdiaphragm pumps 610 a,b are collapsible bellows or diaphragms thatinflate and deflate with fluid. The first asymmetric diaphragm pump 610a is connected to a first piston 620 a, a first input line 630 a, and afirst output line 640 b. The second asymmetric diaphragm pump 610 b isconnected to a second piston 620 b, a second input line 630 b, and asecond output line 640 b.

In the illustrated embodiment, the first asymmetric diaphragm pump 610 ais out of phase with the second asymmetric diaphragm pump 610 b. Whenthe first piston 620 a collapses the first asymmetric diaphragm pump 610a, as shown in FIG. 6A, fluid in the first asymmetric diaphragm pump 610a is forced through the first output line 640 a. The second piston 620 bopens the second asymmetric diaphragm pump 610 b concurrently, and fluidflows through the second input line 630 b into the second asymmetricdiaphragm pump 610 b. As the cycle continues, as shown in FIG. 6B, thesecond piston 620 b collapses the second asymmetric diaphragm pump 610b, forcing fluid out of the second diaphragm pump 610 b and through thesecond output line 640 b. The first piston 620 a opens the firstasymmetric diaphragm pump 610 a concurrently, and fluid flows throughthe first input line 630 a into the first asymmetric diaphragm pump 610a. Each of the first and second asymmetric diaphragm pumps 610 a,b mayhave check valves (not shown) associated therewith.

In one embodiment, fluid would flow through the asymmetric diaphragmpumps 610 a,b and the output lines 640 a,b, even when the pumps were notbeing actuated. In an alternative embodiment, fluid would only flowthrough the asymmetric diaphragm pumps 610 a,b upon actuation. Inanother alternative embodiment (not shown), the system includes a flowregulation mechanism (i.e., a safety, or an on/off switch) that wouldallow an operator to prevent fluid from flowing through the output lines640 a,b. Such a flow regulation mechanism may be located on thereservoir housing 600.

In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the first and secondasymmetric diaphragm pumps 610 a,b may operate in phase. In anotheralternative embodiment (not shown), the reservoir housing 600 includes asingle asymmetric diaphragm pump. In yet another alternative embodiment(not shown), the reservoir housing 600 includes three or more asymmetricdiaphragm pumps.

FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate cross-sections of another embodiment of areservoir housing 700. The reservoir housing 700 is substantially thesame as the reservoir housing 700, except that it includes two fluidreservoirs defined by a first symmetric diaphragm pump 710 a and asecond symmetric diaphragm pump 710 b. The first and second symmetricdiaphragm pumps 710 a,b are collapsible bellows or diaphragms thatinflate and deflate with fluid. The first symmetric diaphragm pump 710 ais connected to a first piston 720 a, a first input line 730 a, and afirst output line 740 b. The second symmetric diaphragm pump 710 b isconnected to a second piston 720 b, a second input line 730 b, and asecond output line 740 b.

In the illustrated embodiment, the first symmetric diaphragm pump 710 ais out of phase with the second symmetric diaphragm pump 710 b, and thepumps operate in the same manner as described in FIGS. 7A and 7B. In analternative embodiment (not shown), the first and second symmetricdiaphragm pumps 710 a,b may operate in phase. In another alternativeembodiment (not shown), the reservoir housing 700 includes a singlesymmetric diaphragm pump. In yet another alternative embodiment (notshown), the reservoir housing 700 includes three or more symmetricdiaphragm pumps.

FIG. 8 illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment of a manualintravenous pump 800 having an input 810, an output 820, and a body 830.In this embodiment, the manually operable actuator is a trigger 840.This type of manual intravenous pump may be referred to as a “triggerdesign,” “trigger pump,” or a “manual piston.” The trigger 840 may beconfigured to pivot or slide transversely with respect to the body 830of the manual intravenous pump 800. In one embodiment, the trigger 840is sized to accommodate a single finger of an operator. In analternative embodiment, the trigger 840 is sized to accommodate two ormore fingers of an operator.

With continued reference to FIG. 8, the body 830 of the manualintravenous pump 800 bears resemblance to a pistol. However, it shouldbe understood that this shape is merely exemplary, and any shape may beemployed. In one embodiment, the body may have an ergonomic shape.

Although FIG. 8 is described as a side view, it should be understoodthat the manual intravenous pump 800 may be positioned in multipleorientations, so that the operator may position the device in acomfortable orientation for operation.

The manual intravenous pump 800 may be constructed of various materials.Exemplary materials include polymeric materials and metal materials.Exemplary metal materials include, without limitation, steel, nickelaluminum, copper, iron, and other metals and alloys. Exemplary polymericmaterials include, without limitation, EPDM Rubber, polypropylene,polyethylene, and blends of the same. In one embodiment, where themanual intravenous pump is configured for field use (i.e., in anambulance, or at an accident site), the device may be constructed ofmaterials that are lightweight and durable. Of course, such materialsmay also be suitable for a device configured for clinical use. In oneembodiment, the casing 830 and the trigger 840 are all constructed ofsubstantially the same material. In an alternative embodiment, one ormore of these components are constructed of different materials.

FIG. 9 is a side view of internal components of one embodiment of amanual intravenous pump 900. The illustrated embodiment is one exampleof the internal components of the trigger design of a manual intravenouspump 800 shown in FIG. 8.

In the illustrated embodiment, the trigger 840 is pivotally connected toa series of gears 910, which are, in turn, connected to a disc 920having a plurality of spaced apart, projections 930 extending therefrom.In the illustrated embodiment, two gears are shown. However, it shouldbe understood that any number of gears may be employed. In analternative embodiment (not shown), no gears are employed, and thetrigger is instead directly connected to the disc.

The illustrated manual intravenous pump 900 further includes an internalfluid line 940 having a bulb 950 that defines an internal fluidreservoir. The internal fluid line 940 is in fluid communication withboth the input 810 and the output 820 of the manual intravenous pump900. The disc 920 and projections 930 are positioned adjacent the bulb950, such that the projections 930 contact and deform the bulb 950 whenthe disc 920 is rotated. In the illustrated embodiment, the disc 920includes three projections 930 extending therefrom. However, it shouldbe understood that any number of projections may be employed, includinga single projection.

In the illustrated embodiment, the bulb 950 abuts a platform tofacilitate compression upon contact with a projection 930. In analternative embodiment (not shown), the bulb 950 may abut a wall of themanual pump 900. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), the bulbdoes not abut any surfaces.

With continued reference to FIG. 9, the bulb 950 is constructed ofrubber, or another pliable, non-porous material. It should beunderstood, however, that various other materials may be employed.Further, various materials may be used to construct the disc 920 andprojections 930. Exemplary materials include polymeric materials andmetal materials. In one embodiment, the disc 920 and projections 930 areconstructed of substantially the same material. For example, the disc920 and projections 930 may be one unitary member. In an alternativeembodiment, the disc 920 and projections 930 are constructed ofdifferent materials.

In operation, the input 810 of the manual intravenous pump 900 isconnected to a first fluid line leading to a fluid bag, and the output820 is connected to a fluid line leading to a subject. In oneembodiment, both the input 810 and the output 820 are one-way valves. Inone embodiment, when a fluid line is connected to the input 810, fluidimmediately begins to flow from the fluid bag, through the fluid lineand input 810, and into the internal fluid line 940. In an alternativeembodiment, fluid will not begin to flow until the input 810 is opened(e.g., by turning or pressing a valve).

In the illustrated embodiment, once the fluid lines have been connectedto the fluid bag, the manual intravenous pump 900, and the subject, andthe fluid has begun to flow, an operator may squeeze the trigger 840 ofthe manual intravenous pump 900. As the trigger 840 is squeezed, gears910 cause the disc 920 and projections 930 to rotate and act as a cam onthe bulb 950, compressing the bulb 950 and forcing the fluid towards theoutput 820. Because the projections 930 are spaced apart, spacing allowsthe bulb 950 to inflate with fluid by negative pressure before the nextprojection 930 compresses the bulb 950. When the trigger 840 isreleased, a ratcheting mechanism (not shown) or other such mechanism maybe employed to prevent the disc 920 and projections 930 from moving inthe reverse direction.

It should be understood that squeezing the trigger 840 at a faster ratemay increase the rate at which fluid flows through the output 820 and toa subject, while squeezing the trigger 840 at a slower rate may decreasethe rate at which fluid flows through the output 820 and to a subject.The operator may control the speed at which the trigger 840 is squeezed,according to perceived need.

FIG. 10 is a cutaway side view of internal components of one embodimentof a manual intravenous pump 700. The illustrated embodiment is oneexample of the internal components of the trigger design of a manualintravenous pump 800 shown in FIG. 8.

In the illustrated embodiment, the trigger 840 is pivotally connected tothe casing 830 and is further connected to a piston 1010. The piston1010 is biased towards the trigger 840 by a biasing mechanism 1020. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the biasing mechanism 1020 is shown as aspring. However, it should be understood that any known biasingmechanism may be employed. The piston 1010 and biasing mechanism 1020are housed in a cylinder 1030 that is part of a larger fluid reservoir1040. The fluid reservoir is connected to the input 810 and output 820.In the illustrated embodiment, both the input 810 and output 820 areone-way valves.

In operation, an operator squeezes the trigger 840, which pushes thepiston 1020 into the cylinder 1030, compressing the biasing mechanism1020. When the piston 1020 is pushed into the cylinder 1030, the volumeof the fluid reservoir 1040 is reduced, forcing fluid through the output820. When the trigger is released, the biasing mechanism 1020 pushes thepiston 1020 back out of the cylinder, expanding the volume of the fluidreservoir 1040 and drawing more fluid in through the input 810. The oneway valves of the input 810 and output 820 prevent the fluid fromflowing in an undesired direction.

FIG. 11 is a side cutaway view of one embodiment of a manual intravenouspump 1100. The illustrated embodiment is another example of the internalcomponents of the trigger design of a manual intravenous pump 800 shownin FIG. 8.

In the illustrated embodiment, the trigger 840 is connected to a seriesof gears 1110, which are connected rod 1120 having a plurality ofpartitions 1130 extending therefrom. While two gears 1110 areillustrated, it should be understood that three or more gears may beemployed. Alternative, the trigger 840 may be directly connected to therod 1120 without the use of intervening gears.

With continued reference to FIG. 11, the rod 1120 and partitions 1130are positioned inside a cylinder 1140 that defines an internal fluidreservoir. The cylinder 1140 has a first opening 1150 in fluidcommunication with the input 810 of the manual intravenous pump 1100 anda second opening 1160 in fluid communication with the output 820 of themanual intravenous pump 1100. The rod 1120 and partitions 1130 form aplurality of rotary chambers 1170 in the cylinder 1140. In theillustrated embodiment, the rod 1120 includes three partitions 1130extending therefrom, which form three rotary chambers 1170 in thecylinder 1140. However, it should be understood that any number ofpartitions may be employed, including a single partition.

In addition to the components shown, various gear configurations may beemployed to create a mechanical advantage and/or cause the rod 1120 andpartitions 1130 to rotate at a rate different from the rate at which thetrigger 840 is squeezed.

With continued reference to FIG. 11, the partitions 1130 extend from therod 1120 to an inner surface of the cylinder 1140. In one embodiment, atleast the ends of the partitions are constructed of rubber, or anotherpliable, non-porous material, to form a seal. It should be understood,however, that various other materials may be employed. In an alternativeembodiment, the partitions 1130 do not extend to the inner surface ofthe cylinder 1140.

Various materials may be used to construct the rod 1120, partitions1130, and cylinder 1140. Exemplary materials include polymeric materialsand metal materials. In one embodiment, the rod 1120, partitions 1130,and cylinder 1140 are constructed of polymeric materials that resistcorrosion after prolonged exposure to saline solutions and othercommonly used intravenous fluids. In one embodiment, the rod 1120,partitions 1130, and cylinder 1140 are all constructed of substantiallythe same material. In an alternative embodiment, one or more of thesecomponents are constructed of different materials.

In operation, the input 810 of the manual intravenous pump 1100 isconnected to a first fluid line leading to a fluid bag, and the output820 is connected to a fluid line leading to a subject. In oneembodiment, both the input 810 and the output 820 are one-way valves. Inone embodiment, when a fluid line is connected to the input 810, fluidimmediately begins to flow from the fluid bag, through the fluid lineand input 810, and into the first of the plurality of chambers 1170. Inan alternative embodiment, fluid will not begin to flow until the input810 is opened (e.g., by turning or pressing a valve).

Once the fluid lines have been connected to the fluid bag, the manualintravenous pump 1100, and the subject, and the fluid has begun to flow,an operator may squeeze the trigger 840 of the manual intravenous pump1100. As the trigger 840 is squeezed, the partitions 1130 rotate at acorresponding speed and force the fluid from the first opening 1150 ofthe cylinder 1140 towards the second opening 1160. Squeezing the trigger840 at a faster rate may increase the rate at which fluid flows throughthe output 820 and to a subject, while squeezing the trigger 840 at aslower rate may decrease the rate at which fluid flows through theoutput 820 and to a subject. The operator may control the speed at whichthe trigger 840 is squeezed, according to perceived need.

In another alternative embodiment, the trigger pump may employ one ormore spring motors to facilitate pumping. For example, FIG. 12illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary twin spring motor 1200which may be employed in a trigger pump. As another example, FIG. 13illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary sextupled spring motor1300 which may be employed in a trigger pump. In either example, thespring motor may be configured to coil and store energy when a triggeris depressed. When the trigger is released, the spring motor releasesenergy to compress a pump. In yet another embodiment, an electric motormay be employed to actuate the pumps.

In still another alternative embodiment (not shown), the trigger pumpemploys a separate reservoir housing, such as the reservoir housing 505shown in FIG. 5, reservoir housing 600 shown in FIGS. 6A,B, or reservoirhousing 700 shown in FIGS. 7A,B. Such a reservoir housing may beremovably attached to the device, such that the reservoir housing may beremoved and replaced as desired.

FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate a perspective view and side view,respectively, of another alternative embodiment of a manual intravenouspump 1400 having an actuator housing 1405 and at least one reservoirhousing 1410. The actuator housing 1405 includes a manually operablemember in the form of a pivotal handle 1415 that is pivotally connectedto a stationary handle 1420. Accordingly, this type of manualintravenous pump may be referred to as a “pivoting handle design” or“pivoting handled pump.” In this embodiment, the pump is actuated bypivoting the pivotal handle 1415 towards the stationary handle 1420. Inan alternative embodiment (not shown), the actuator housing may includetwo pivotal handles.

The reservoir housing 1410 may be configured to be removably attached tothe actuator housing 1405. In such an embodiment, the reservoir housing1410 may be removed and replaced with a replacement reservoir housing(not shown). For example, the reservoir housing 1410 may be replacedafter each use for sterility or safety reasons, or to comply with FDAstandards, hospital standards, or other standards. In such anembodiment, the reservoir housing 1410 may be kept in sterile packagingprior to use. Additionally, the reservoir housing 1410 may be filledwith fluid prior to packaging, such that no priming is required when anew reservoir housing 1410 is attached to the actuator housing 1405. Inan alternative embodiment (not shown), the reservoir housing may bepermanently attached to the actuator housing.

FIG. 16 illustrates an exploded perspective view of the actuator housing1405 pivoting handled pump 1400. In the illustrated embodiment, theactuator housing includes a first actuator housing 1405 a that isfastened to a second actuator housing 1405 b by a plurality offasteners. In addition to housing the pivotal handle 1415 and thestationary handle 1420, the actuator housing additionally houses a firstgear 1425 having teeth configured to engage corresponding teeth of thepivotal handle 1415. The teeth of the first gear 1425 are furtherconfigured to engage teeth of a second gear 1430, which rotates about anaxis of a spring loaded gear box 1435. The spring loaded gear box 1435is configured to store and release energy, using springs such as thoseshown in FIGS. 12 and 13. While the illustrated embodiment shows twogears 1425, 1430, it should be understood that a single gear may beemployed. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), three or more gearsmay be employed.

FIG. 17 illustrates a cross-section of the actuator housing 1405, andfurther shows the pivotal handle 1415 engaging the first gear 1425,which, in turn, engages the second gear 1430. The pivotal handle 1415 isconnected to a biasing member, such as a spring, that biases the pivotalhandle 1415 away from the stationary handle 1420. In one embodiment, thepivotal handle 1415 is configured such that its teeth engage the teethof the first gear 1425 when the pivotal handle 1415 is pivoted towardsthe stationary handle 1420, but the teeth disengage when the pivotalhandle 1415 pivots away from the stationary handle 1420. In thisembodiment, a large amount of energy may be stored at one time, whichmay then be released by the spring loaded gear box. In an alternativeembodiment, the teeth of the pivotal handle 1415 remain engaged with theteeth of the first gear 1425 when the pivotal handle pivots away fromthe stationary handle 1420.

FIG. 18 illustrates a cross section of the reservoir housing 1410. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the reservoir housing has substantially thesame components as the reservoir housing 700, including first and secondsymmetric diaphragm pumps 1440 a,b connected to first and second inputlines 1445 a,b and first and second output lines 1450 a,b. In theillustrated embodiment, the first and second symmetric diaphragm pumps1440 a,b operate out of phase with respect to each other. In analternative embodiment (not shown), the first and second symmetricdiaphragm pumps 1440 a,b operate in phase with respect to each other. Inanother alternative embodiment (not shown), asymmetric diaphragm pumpsmay be employed.

FIG. 19 illustrates a cut away view of an alternative embodiment of apump 1900 for use in a manual intravenous pump. The pump 1900 is anaxial flow pump having an outer housing 1910 and a bladed rotor 1920,and may be employed with any embodiment of a manual intravenous pumpdescribed herein. The pump 1900 may be employed as a single pump, or incombination with one more additional pumps.

In the illustrated embodiment, the outer housing 1910 has a first aprojection 1930 along a first axis and the rotor has a second projection1940. The second projection 1940 may be located on the first axis, or itmay be located along a second axis different from the first axis. Thebladed rotor 1920 is disposed in the outer housing 1910 in a mannerproviding clearance between an outer surface of the bladed rotor 1920and an inner surface of the outer housing 1910. This clearance definesone or more flow channels 1950 for a fluid.

The bladed rotor 1920 further includes at least one hydrodynamicbearing. In the illustrated embodiment, the rotor includes a firsthydrodynamic bearing 1960 and a second hydrodynamic bearing 1970. Thefirst and second hydrodynamic bearings 1960, 1970 are larger and widerthan the area between blades where fluid flows. In an alternativeembodiment (not shown), the first and second hydrodynamic bearings 1960,1970 are narrower than the area between blades where fluid flows.

The bladed rotor 1920 is configured to rotate within the outer housing1910, thereby facilitating a flow of fluid. The bladed rotor 1920 may berotated by activation of a manual actuator or with the use of magnets orelectronics.

FIG. 20 illustrates a cross section of a fluid line housing 2000 for amanual intravenous pump. In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid linehousing 2000 that can be used with an actuator housing (such as actuatorhousing 1405) instead of a reservoir housing. However, it should beunderstood that the fluid line housing may be incorporated in a singlehousing that includes both an actuator and a fluid line.

Fluid line housing 2000 includes a fluid line 2010. In the illustratedembodiment, the fluid line is a single line that is partially disposedwithin the housing 2000, but extends beyond the boundaries of thehousing. The fluid line 2010 has a first end operably connected to afluid source (not shown) and a second end operably connected to anintravenous needle (not shown). The fluid line 2010 may be disposed in aslot in the fluid line housing 2000 such that the fluid line 2010 may beinserted and removed from the fluid line housing 2000 without any of thefluid coming into contact with the fluid line housing 2000. In such anembodiment, the fluid line housing 2000 may be reused with multiplefluid lines for multiple patients without contamination. In analternative embodiment (not shown), the fluid line is disposed insidethe fluid line housing and has a first end configured to be connected toan input line and a second end configured to be connected to an outputline.

The fluid line housing 2000 further includes a plurality of rollers2020. In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid line housing 2000includes six rollers 2020. However, it should be understood that anynumber of rollers may be employed. Each of the rollers 2020 is operablyconnected to a manually operable actuator (such as those manuallyoperable actuators described above) such as through a series of gears.Each roller 2020 is slightly elongated, such that as each roller turns,it comes into and out of engagement with the fluid line 2010. The partof fluid line 2010 under compression closes (or occludes) thus forcingthe fluid to move through the fluid line 2010. When the roller comes outof engagement with the fluid line 2010, the fluid line opens to itsnatural state fluid flow is induced to that section of the fluid line2010. Such a process may be referred to as “peristalsis” and the rollers2020 may therefore be referred to as “peristaltic rollers.”

FIG. 21 illustrates a cross section of an alternative embodiment of afluid line housing 2100 for a manual intravenous pump. It should beunderstood that the details of the illustrated fluid line housing mayalso be incorporated in a single housing that includes both an actuatorand a fluid line.

Fluid line housing 2100 includes a fluid line 2110. In the illustratedembodiment, the fluid line 2110 is disposed inside the fluid linehousing and has a first end configured to be connected to an input lineand a second end configured to be connected to an output line. In analternative embodiment (not shown), the fluid line is a single line thatis partially disposed within the housing, but extends beyond theboundaries of the housing. In such an embodiment, the fluid line may bedisposed in a slot in the fluid line housing.

The fluid line 2110 has an arcuate shape, such that the first end andsecond end of the fluid line 2110 are both disposed on the same side ofthe fluid line housing 2100.

The fluid line housing 2100 further includes a rotary device 2120.Although the rotary device 2120 is elongated and non-circular, it maystill be referred to as a “roller.” The rotary device 2120 is operablyconnected to a manually operable actuator (such as those manuallyoperable actuators described above) such as through a series of gears.The rotary device 2120 is elongated, such that as each roller turns, itcomes into and out of engagement with the fluid line 2110. Due to thearcuate shape of the fluid line 2110, the rotary device 2120 may comeinto engagement with two sections of the fluid line 2110 at the sametime. In alternative embodiments (not shown), the rotary device may havethree or more ends that come into engagement with the fluid line.

In the illustrated embodiment, the first end of the rotary device 2120has a first roller 2130 a rotatably connected thereto and the second endof the rotary device 2120 has a second roller 2130 b rotatably connectedthereto. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the rotary devicedoes not include rollers and its ends directly engage the fluid line.

Rotation of the rotary device 2120 causes a similar peristaltic processas described above with respect to FIG. 20.

FIG. 22 is a schematic illustration of an alternative embodiment of amanual intravenous pump 2200. The manual intravenous pump 2200 includesa fluid line 2220 and may further include a fluid reservoir, such as oneof the fluid reservoirs described above in various embodiments.

The manual intravenous pump 2200 further includes a manually operableactuator 2230, such as one of the manually operable actuators describedabove in various embodiments. Although the illustrated embodiment showsthe manually operable actuator 2230 disposed in the same housing as thefluid line 2220, it should be understood that separate housings may beemployed, such as those shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.

A piezoelectric system 2240 is operably connected to the manuallyoperable actuator 2230. The piezoelectric system 2240 may include atleast one piezoelectric crystal. The piezoelectric system 2240 isfurther connected to a facilitator 2250. The facilitator 2250 may be anyof the devices describe above that facilitates flow of a fluid through afluid line or through a reservoir. For example, the facilitator may bethe rollers 2020 shown in FIG. 20, or the rotary device 2120 shown inFIG. 21.

The piezoelectric system 2240 captures energy supplied by manualactuation of the manually operable actuator 2230. The piezoelectricsystem 2240 employs the captured energy to regulate a speed at which thefacilitator 2250 operates.

The piezoelectric system 2240 is further configured to dissipate thecaptured energy after cessation of manual actuation of the manuallyoperable actuator 2230. In this manner, no electrical energy will bestored in the manual intravenous pump 2200 when it is not in use. Forthis reason, the manual intravenous pump 2200 in the illustratedembodiment does not include a battery. However, it should be understoodthat batteries may be employed in alternative embodiments, and theelectrical energy may be stored.

To the extent that the term “includes” or “including” is used in thespecification or the claims, it is intended to be inclusive in a mannersimilar to the term “comprising” as that term is interpreted whenemployed as a transitional word in a claim. Furthermore, to the extentthat the term “or” is employed (e.g., A or B) it is intended to mean “Aor B or both.” When the applicants intend to indicate “only A or B butnot both” then the term “only A or B but not both” will be employed.Thus, use of the term “or” herein is the inclusive, and not theexclusive use. See, Bryan A. Garner, A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage624 (2d. Ed. 1995). Also, to the extent that the terms “in” or “into”are used in the specification or the claims, it is intended toadditionally mean “on” or “onto.” Furthermore, to the extent the term“connect” is used in the specification or claims, it is intended to meannot only “directly connected to,” but also “indirectly connected to”such as connected through another component or components.

While the present application has been illustrated by the description ofembodiments thereof, and while the embodiments have been described inconsiderable detail, it is not the intention of the applicants torestrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to suchdetail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear tothose skilled in the art. Therefore, the application, in its broaderaspects, is not limited to the specific details, the representativeapparatus and method, and illustrative examples shown and described.Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departingfrom the spirit or scope of the applicant's general inventive concept.

1. A manual intravenous pump comprising: a first housing having at leastone roller disposed therein, the at least one roller being configured toengage a fluid line to facilitate flow of a fluid therethrough; a secondhousing having: a manually operable actuator; a piezoelectric systemoperably connected to the manually operable actuator and operablyconnected to the at least one roller, wherein the piezoelectric systemcaptures energy supplied by manual actuation of the manually operableactuator, and wherein the piezoelectric system employs the capturedenergy to regulate a speed at which the at least one roller rotates. 2.The manual intravenous pump of claim 1, wherein the fluid line isdisposed inside the first housing, wherein the fluid line has a firstend connected to a first aperture of the first housing and is configuredto be connected to an input line, and wherein the fluid line has asecond end connected to a second aperture of the first housing and isconfigured to be connected to an output line.
 3. The manual intravenouspump of claim 1, wherein the first housing has a slot configured toreceive the fluid line, wherein the fluid line has a first end connectedto a fluid source.
 4. The manual intravenous pump of claim 1, whereinthe at least one roller includes a plurality of rollers configured toengage opposing sides of a fluid line.
 5. The manual intravenous pump ofclaim 1, wherein the at least one roller includes an elongated rotarydevice having a plurality of sections configured to engage a fluid lineat a plurality of locations.
 6. The manual intravenous pump of claim 1,wherein the piezoelectric system is configured to dissipate the capturedenergy after cessation of manual actuation of the manually operableactuator.
 7. The manual intravenous pump of claim 1, wherein thepiezoelectric system includes at least one piezoelectric crystal.
 8. Amanually operable pump comprising: a fluid line operatively connected toa fluid source; a manually operable actuator; means for facilitating aflow of fluid from the fluid source through the fluid line, the meansfor facilitating being operably connected to the manually operableactuator; and a piezoelectric system operably connected to the manuallyoperable actuator, configured to capture energy from manual actuation ofthe manually operable actuator and regulate a speed of the means forfacilitating.
 9. The manually operable pump of claim 8, furthercomprising a fluid reservoir operably connected to the fluid line. 10.The manually operable pump of claim 8, wherein the manually operableactuator is a crank.
 11. The manually operable pump of claim 8, whereinthe manually operable actuator is a trigger.
 12. The manually operablepump of claim 8, wherein the manually operable actuator includes atleast one pivoting handle.
 13. The manually operable pump of claim 8,wherein the means for facilitating includes at least one peristalticroller.
 14. The manually operable pump of claim 8, further comprising ahousing.
 15. The manually operable pump of claim 14, wherein the fluidsource is external to the housing.
 16. An intravenous fluid pumping kitcomprising: a fluid bag; a fluid line; and a pump including: a housing;at least one roller configured to engage the fluid line, whereinrotation of the at least one roller facilitates a flow of fluid throughthe fluid line; and a manually operable actuator operably connected tothe at least one roller, such that manual actuation of the manualoperable actuator causes the at least one roller to rotate.
 17. Theintravenous fluid pumping kit of claim 16, wherein the housing includesa first housing and a second housing.
 18. The intravenous fluid pumpingkit of claim 16, further comprising a piezoelectric system operablyconnected to the manually operable actuator and operably connected tothe at least one roller, wherein the piezoelectric system capturesenergy supplied by manual actuation of the manually operable actuator,and wherein the piezoelectric system employs the captured energy toregulate a speed at which the at least one roller rotates.
 19. Theintravenous fluid pumping kit of claim 16, wherein the housing includesa slot configured to receive the fluid line.
 20. The intravenous fluidpumping kit of claim 16, wherein the fluid line includes a first fluidline disposed inside the housing, and a second fluid line external tothe housing and operably connected to the first fluid line.